强化臭氧化在处理有机废水中的典型反应与应用

采用Ｏ３与其它物理化学过程联用的强化方法,可以显著提高臭氧强化处理废水的功能与效率,降低臭氧消耗,在多种高浓度有机污染废水的处理中表现出了明显的优越性。     

氯苯类有机物生物降解性及共代谢作用研究

利用测定微生物呼吸耗氧量的方法,对氯苯类中的5种优先污染物：氯苯,邻、间、对－二氯苯,1,2,4－三氯苯的生物降解性能进行测试,比较了它们用不同的驯化污泥试验的生物降解性能差异。结果表明,五种氯苯在各自驯化污泥作用下的降解性易难顺序为：氯苯＞邻二氯苯＞间二氯苯＞对二氯苯＞1,2,4－三氯苯,对于氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯分别驯化污泥,它们能彼此降解,但不能降解对二氯苯和1,2,4－三氯苯,对于对二氯苯和1,2,4－三氯苯分别驯化污泥,对5种受试有机物都能产生降解作用,且能提高它们的生物降解速率。分析表明,5种受试物诱导产生了两种不同类型的酶系统,共代谢作用在它们的生物降解过程中发挥了重要作用。     

用边际费用分析方法研究制定排污收费的新标准

排污收费的有效性主要取决于它的经济刺激作用。本文分析了排污收费的经济学原理,提出了制定排污收费标准更为合理有效的方法──边际费用分析法,定量地描述和分析了排污收费与其经济刺激作用的关系,以天津纪庄子污水处理厂为例,提出应建立的排污收费标准。本文指出,有效地运用排污收费来管理污水的排放,必须实行区域总量控制,制定具有有效的经济刺激作用的排污收费标准。     

水中无机阳离子混凝剂的电动检测特性研究

为了在本质特征上定量说明水中无机阳离子混凝剂浓度与胶体稳定性的关系,提出了一种新的研究混凝过程胶体电荷变化的本质参数－流动电流。研究了无机阳离子混凝剂的性质和家度与电动特性参数之间的一般规律及等电点特征,考察了以ＳＣ表征混凝剂对水中胶体颗粒物作用的特性与效能,从而提出了一种研究混凝和在线监测水中胶体电荷对于混凝剂投加量变化的有效方法。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水及其水源水中的氯酚

利用固相微萃取(SPME)-气相色谱法(GC)联用技术测定饮用水及其水源水中的氯酚．优化萃取温度、萃取平衡时间、酸度、离子强度等实验条件．所建方法简便、精确,自来水和太湖水中均检测到氯酚。     

Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

Over the past decades, the plastic production has been dramatically increased. Indeed, a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments, fibers, or spheres, called microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 μm) have attracted particular attention. Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human, microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years. As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment, recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend, for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year. Furthermore, microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment, and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment. Additionally, the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human. Hence, great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies, which might be exaggerated. Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined. To promote the above policies, we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.     

Treatment of drilling fluid waste during oil and gas drilling: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Oil and gas exploration and development provide important energy sources for the world, and drilling fluid is an essential engineering material for...     

单环硝基芳香化合物好氧生物降解及其遗传学研究进展

硝基芳香化合物是环境中难降解的有机污染物之一 ,对环境的污染日益严重 ,利用生物技术对这类有机物进行降解是行之有效的新途径。针对几种单环硝基芳香化合物好氧降解的微生物、降解途径以及降解过程中的主要酶、降解性质粒、基因定位等分子遗传学的研究进展进行了综述     

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area during and after its construction

A survey concerning the concentration of the nutrients in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was carried out. This paper presents the parameters(NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, KjeldahI-N, non-ionic ammonia, P-PO4 and TP)determined at 16 sampling sites from 1997 to 1999. The dominant soluble nitrogen form was NO3^- -N followed by KjeldahI-N, NO2^- -N and non-ionic ammonia. Mean values of NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, Kjeldahl-N and non-ionic ammonia ranged from 0.50 to 2.37 mg/L, 0.022 to 0.084 mg/L, 0.33 to 0.99 mg/L and 0.007 to 0.092 mg/L respectively.Mean values of P-PO4 at most sampling sites were higher than 0.1 mg/L for subject to eutrophication. The major factors influencing the concentrations of N and P might be agricultural runoff, municipal and industrial effluents. In addition, 6 kinds of soil were sampled at the area where would inundated after the dam completed. Two approaches were adopted to simulate the N and P release from the inundated soils. The results showed that the soils would release nitrogen and phosphorus to the overlying water when the soils were inundated. The characteristics of soil affected the equilibrium concentrations of N and P between the soil and the overlying water.     

Enhanced adsorption of copper ions by phosphoric acid-modified Paeonia ostii seed coats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Novel adsorbent, phosphoric acid-modified Paeonia ostii seed coats (PA-PSC) were successfully prepared by low-temperature pyrolysis to effectively...